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Probability

Probability is the branch of math that measures how likely something is to happen, using a scale from 0 (impossible) to 1 (certain). We calculate it by comparing the number of ways an outcome we care about can occur to the total number of possible outcomes, assuming each is equally likely. This lets us make sensible predictions about uncertain events, like coin flips, dice rolls, or weather forecasts, even though we can't know the exact result in advance.