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Special Relativity

Special relativity is Einstein's theory describing how space and time behave for objects moving at constant speeds, especially near the speed of light. Its key insight is that the speed of light is the same for all observers, no matter how fast they themselves are moving, which forces strange consequences like time passing more slowly for fast-moving objects (called time dilation) and lengths appearing shorter in the direction of motion. These effects are negligible in everyday life but become dramatic as speeds approach that of light.